Computer Concepts - 4094 Words

COMPUTER CONCEPTS NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE BLIND NEW DELHI Computer Concepts Hardware software concepts explained for persons with low or no vision for the students of Intel Technology Training Lab at National Association for the Blind, New Delhi Produced and Published by National Association for the Blind Sector-5, R.K Puram, New Delhi E-mail: nab@vsnl.com First Edition October 2001 Reprint: February 2005 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introducing Computers: Introduction to input-process-output sequence, What is a computer?, Where do you use Computer? 2. Hardware Components of the Computer: Input devices, Output devices, Processing Unit, Memory or Storage, Drive†¦show more content†¦B. Mouse: This is a pointing device. This device fits under the palm of the hand and has two or three buttons. As we move the mouse on the table, the mouse pointer moves on the screen. The pressing of the mouse button is called clicking the mouse button. Clicking a mouse button twice quickly is called double click. C. Scanner: Scanner sends an image of a page to the computer. Any photograph or text on the page is transferred to the computer. With the help of special software this text can be spoken out. Such a system is called a text reading system. D. Mike: Computer can perform functions in response to the voice commands also. We can also record voice on a computer. Computer can also take dictation. It types on its own what we speak. All this voice is sent to a mike which is attached to a sound card in the system box. 2.2 Output Devices: Output devices are those devices that a computer uses to give information to us. Types of output devices: A. Monitor: It is also called a visual display unit. It is a device like a small television. The size of the monitor is normally measured from the top left corner to the bottom right corner of the display area of monitor. Normally 14 or 15 monitors are used with the PCs. 17 or 19 monitors are also available. It can either be coloured or black and white. The black and white monitor is called monochrome monitor. B. Printer: Printer is the device that prints the text or graphics on aShow MoreRelatedComputer Concepts Exercises2344 Words   |  10 Pages012100 Computers and the digital revolution have changed our lives in many fundamental ways. If you were on the front lines of the digital revolution when computers were first developed to break codes and calculate missile trajectories, you were most likely living in what time period? a. World War I b. The roaring twenties c. World War II d. The 1960s (Answer: c) 012200 Today, consumers can choose from a wide variety of digital devices, including personal computers, workstationsRead MoreSyllabus - Basic Computer Concepts2296 Words   |  10 PagesSyllabus in BASIC COMPUTER CONCEPTS AND OFFICE PRODUCTIVITY TOOLS CT101 I. 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Dynamic Of Modal Split of Freight Transport - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Dynamic Of Modal Split of Freight Transport. Answer: Introduction One of the most important aspects of maintaining a transport business is to govern a good and thorough supply chain and logistics management. The transport companies feel this to be one of the most important parts in the freight transport industry has emerged to be one of the main sources in the transport industry in the recent times. The aim that these freight transport companies have in mind is to transport the goods and export them to the other countries through ships. This would carry out the trade in a faster way. This also helps in importing the goods from other countries as well. It is a notable fact that there are many modes of transportation available in these days. These are air, water, rail, cable and pipelines. The intermodal freight companies have become very essential in the modern context. However, the most important things to carry out this kind of business is to maintain a good supply chain and logistics support. If they set up very strong network, they will be highl y benefitted indeed. This will lead to faster action in many wings. The intermodal companies will be able to send their goods to their destinations faster and smoother. They use the cargo ships to send these things to the ports in several countries indeed. Though some problems have been seen in this context, it is very much important to know that some way outs have been found in this context as well. The problems have been regarding the supply chain and logistics. These barriers must be overcome indeed. The description of the intermodal companies The intermodal companies have become to be known as the most important parts of the transport industry. The transportation of the goods by ships has to be carried out properly and perfectly. The intermodal companies will have to carry out several processes so that they can achieve their objectives perfect (Liu et al. 2014). These intermodal companies look after all the important things needed for the smooth flow in the transport of goods. The intermodal companies take care of the transportation of the goods from one country to another. They are the ones who take care of the import and export business all over the world. It has been noticed that some problems have been spreading over the freight transport industry. These problems are like the shortage of fuel, increase in the exported goods demand, fuel price increase,shortageofthe drivers and many more. These problems will have to be tackled with efficiency by the experts. All the governments of the concernedcountriesareverymuchworri edwith these problems. They are trying to find out some way out for these problems effectively. All thesethingsareverymuchimportantbecause the issues like the loading and unloading of goods, fuel prices and other things (Seuring and Goldbach 2013) All the companies are looking for the way outs in the various ways possible. They want to ensure the better supply chain management in the areas of transportation and especially freight transport industry. However, the freight transport industry can provide a good solution for all these problems (Seuring and Goldbach 2013) One of the larger implications has been in the modern society is that one of the global economic expansion. This has been a very serious issue. It is a crystal clear fact that the people involved in the shipping management should be more concerned about the integrated shipping. It has been noted that the consumer demands are increasing everyday and the companies will have to increase their services to the most (Seuring and Goldbach 2013) They will have to send the products to its destinations in a faster way as possible. This is a huge ask and the contemporary intermodal organizations are taking a huge step in accomplish these demands. There are some serious advant ages of using the intermodal companies. The lower price rates, flexibility in the loading and unloading of the products becomes very easy in most cases (Bhattacharya et al. 2014) The companies will want to reduce the handing charges. If the intermodal companies can handle their logistics management, they will be able to give the advantage to the companies. A brief about the chosen organization The organization that has been chosen to write this paper is one of the most noted freight service companies in Australia, Australian Container Freight Services (ACFS) (Auscfs.com 2018) They are considered to be the largest transport company in the entire Australia. The foundation year of this company was 2005 with the aim to provide their customers with the best services. This freight service company was located in New South Wales. Asciano Limited is the parent company of ACFS. They are liable to provide the best freight services in the cities like Brisbane, Sydney and Melbourne. They provide many kinds of services to their customers like the stuffing and de-stuffing of the good at the port areas or harbors. Some of the other services that they provide are like container storage and handling, cross docking, less container load (LCL), fill container load (FCL) storage, transport of FCL and LCL, storage facilities on the basis of free service and bond storage (Auscfs.com 2018) They are also the one organization who looks after the consultancies that look after the process of the cargo handling and storage. They also deal with the supply chain implementation services as well. This organization also looks after the packing and unpacking of the containers, stock taking and cross decking (Allen, Browne and Cherrett 2012.). Another location of this organization is in Port Botany in New South Wales. They are facing some serious challenges in its supply chain management and all these issues will have to get rid of properly. The main purpose of this organization is to provide the best services to their customers in a timely manner altogether (Saeed 2013) The supply chain will have to be improved a lot for this organization. Probably this will be a very big help from the end of the customers. This will increase the market share for the organization and earn more profits for them. The reputation of the organizations will increase in this fashion as well. ACFS has been regarded as the biggest container logistics operation team in the whole Australia. They wanted to become the company who would provide the best freight and logistics services in the country and beyond. They used to look after the logistics and warehousing in many cases as well. The organization has got a very strong base of customers that include the exporters and importers of blue chip. There are around 500 employees working in the organization. Some of the activities that are taking place in this context are like container freight station a ctivities (Auscfs.com 2018). The employees who are engaged in the process of warehousing and freight logistics are much experienced in the warehousing. However, their services have been expanded in Fremantle from 2015. Logistics and supply chain of the organization The logistics and supply chain has been regarded as very essential in the carrying out of the service of the organization (Christopher 2016) This is why the logistics is given much importance indeed. This has been regarded as one of their extensive strategies to strengthen their customer base and gain the loyalty of the customers. The work should be carried out faster. The needs of the customers must be satisfied in many ways indeed. It is a notable fact that the company ACFS always provides the best services to their clients all the time. They intend to provide the best services to their clients through the implementation of their Warehouse Management System (WMS). The managers of the organization always meet the expectations from the operational departments. The organization is keen to improve their operational excellence through the introduction of the technological advancement (Harris, Wang and Wang 2015) They intend to use the various technological tools in the most ways. This will very much helpful for them indeed. They like to beat the other companies in the race and gain as much customers they want. They have also improved the quality of their inventory control system as well. Their desire is to show their clients their actual worth. This is why they have always managed to extend their warehouses and been successful in managing their stocks properly. In this regard, they have set up proper customer links in order to satisfy the needs of their clients. The company ACFS has created a 3PL division in their operations. This is being operated by the various fleets that range from the drop decks to the Maxi Liners (Christopher 2016) It has been examined that these things can carry 68 pallets per load. This is indeed important since it increases the capacity of carrying the goods. The weight of the goods is also increased. These initiatives will definitely decrease the prices of the loads in an effective manner. This will be elemental for the employees as well. The productivity of the organization will increase by minimizing of the costs in this fashion (Christopher 2016) The employees are trained properly so they can attain their objectives. This training benefits the organization in turn. ACFS has always looked to put more focus on the productivity and the efficiency of the employees has been put in the focus as always. They intend to improve the brilliance of their operations team because this will be helpful for them in many ways. Th e organization will be largely benefitted if they improve their 3PL division system (Christopher 2016) The primary focus of ACFS will be on the successful fleet management that will increase the efficiency of the organization in many ways. The modern era of technology has blessed the generation with the introduction of the intermodal freight transport where the goods will be transported from one place to another by ships (Harris, Wang and Wang 2015) The business drivers of the intermodal companies will definitely improve their business operations in many ways. These ways will effectively enhance their business operations. This is performed by ACFS in most useful ways. There are some important features of their business operations. These are:- Freight analysis by the intermodal companies The analysis on the business operations of the intermodal companies will have to be made properly in many ways in this paper (Melo, Graham and Brage-Ardao 2013) This analysis is not connected to the fuel prices and such other things. This is completely related to the business operations of the organization. They have looked upon various things like the dock operations and equipment requirements. This can be framed from their origin (Li, Negenborn and De Schutter 2015) These things have been tallied by the managers with all the other important details. The managers have tried to find out the solutions for all the problems and issues for the intermodal organizations. It is the duty of the managers to develop a proper blueprint in which they would be able to develop some important outlines. This will help the organizations to improve their services in all the areas for the intermodal service providers. ACFS will look to utilize all the resources that have been identified in this busines s context (Melo, Graham and Brage-Ardao 2013) Freight movement Freight movement has been looked upon as one of the biggest revolutions in the intermodal freight transport industry. It is one of the most important transport systems indeed (Harris et al. 2012) All the important resources should be properly utilized in their operations (Li, Negenborn and De Schutter 2015) One of the most essential things that they will be looking after in this scenario is the use of the various technological tools. All the technological tools should be looked after by them and all the tools should be implemented indeed. This will be effective in achieving the objectives for them (Jiangping, Zhou and Shuai 2012). The companies should look to develop their infrastructure in most ways. The operating versions must be updated by ACFS in all the circumstances. They should use the social media in order to make a good relationship with their customers. If the customers get all the products and services at the right time, they will be satisfied indeed. The logistics managem ent of the company will also be developed in different senses (Harris et al. 2012) They should look to use various machines and technological devices so they can conduct the operations faster and safer. Thus the ACFS will grow in all directions. Their market shares will also increase indeed. They are determined to Knowledge, skill and experience Some of the most important things that is very important in order to improve the operational procedures is the development of the skills for the employees. They will have to implement several new procedures to improve their services. The new members who will be recruited in the organization will need to be given much importance and responsibility (Jiangping, Zhou and Shuai 2012). The employees must have proper communication skills and managerial knowledge that will provoke the organization to work better. The transport options for the company must be optimized to a great deal indeed. All the managerial issues must be sorted out by the hierarchy of ACFS. Challenges and issues Some important challenges and issues have been noticed in the recent times regarding the business operations of the ACFS. The intermodal companies have been trying to overcome all these difficult situations all time long (Allen, Browne and Cherrett 2012) It has been observed in the various surveys that the need for the environment friendly solutions have increased a lot. The most important challenges will be discussed in the following section. Sustainable transport solutions The experts and professionals have given much importance on the sustainability of the environment (Ferrari 2014) They have tried to invent new ways by which the organization produce real important ways of producing environment friendly solutions. Not able to provide proper logistics support ACFS has not been able to provide the proper logistic support to the customers. The products are taking a longer time to reach their destinations. This is why it is very much advisable that they should improve it. If this goes on, the services would be hampered (Allen, Browne and Cherrett 2012) Responsibility of the NSW government The NSW government should always provide the proper support to the ACFS. They should arrange for the technological solutions that they have been lacking so far. They are major stakeholders so they should ensure that they should not impose huge taxes on ACFS. Some important guidelines on the foreign levies on the business operations of ACFS should be practiced (Taniguchi et al. 2014) Recommendations ACFS should develop their technology support system. They should provide safe transport systems for the customers. Necessary strategies should be implemented (Hitt, Ireland and Hoskisson 2012) The goods should be delivered at a faster rate. They should be connected with the social media to gain more customers in their favor (Tuten and Solomon 2017) Conclusion This paper can be concluded by saying ACFS has been trying their best to emerge as the most important organization in the freight transport industry. One of the most important things in this mix is the logistics and supply chain management. Some serious issues have been noticed in their business operations. The NSW government should always take the necessary steps to overcome all the issues that are being faced in this scenario. The necessary policies should be introduced by the NSW government. References Allen, J., Browne, M. and Cherrett, T., 2012. Investigating relationships between road freight transport, facility location, logistics management and urban form.Journal of Transport Geography,24, pp.45-57. Allen, J., Browne, M. and Cherrett, T., 2012. Investigating relationships between road freight transport, facility location, logistics management and urban form.Journal of Transport Geography,24, pp.45-57. Auscfs.com. (2018).ACFS | Port Logistics. [online] Available at: https://www.auscfs.com/ [Accessed 22 Jan. 2018]. Bhattacharya, A., Kumar, S.A., Tiwari, M.K. and Talluri, S., 2014. An intermodal freight transport system for optimal supply chain logistics.Transportation research part C: Emerging technologies,38, pp.73-84. Christopher, M., 2016.Logistics supply chain management. Pearson UK. Ferrari, P., 2014. The dynamics of modal split for freight transport.Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review,70, pp.163-176. Harris, G.A., Anderson, M.D., Farrington, P.A., Schoening, N.C., Swain, J.J. and Sharma, N.S., 2012, August. Developing freight analysis zones at a state level: A cluster analysis approach. InJournal of the Transportation Research Forum(Vol. 49, No. 1). Harris, I., Wang, Y. and Wang, H., 2015. ICT in multimodal transport and technological trends: Unleashing potential for the future.International Journal of Production Economics,159, pp.88-103. Hitt, M.A., Ireland, R.D. and Hoskisson, R.E., 2012.Strategic management cases: competitiveness and globalization. Cengage Learning. Jiang, J., Lee, L.H., Chew, E.P. and Gan, C.C., 2015. Port connectivity study: An analysis framework from a global container liner shipping network perspective.Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review,73, pp.47-64. Jiangping, Z.H.O.U. and Shuai, D.A.I., 2012. Urban and metropolitan freight transportation: a quick review of existing models.Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology,12(4), pp.106-114. Li, L., Negenborn, R.R. and De Schutter, B., 2015. Intermodal freight transport planninga receding horizon control approach.Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies,60, pp.77-95. Liu, Z., Meng, Q., Wang, S. and Sun, Z., 2014. Global intermodal liner shipping network design.Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review,61, pp.28-39. Melo, P.C., Graham, D.J. and Brage-Ardao, R., 2013. The productivity of transport infrastructure investment: A meta-analysis of empirical evidence.Regional Science and Urban Economics,43(5), pp.695-706. Nichols, N.B., Street, D.L. and Cereola, S.J., 2012. An analysis of the impact of adopting IFRS 8 on the segment disclosures of European blue chip companies.Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation,21(2), pp.79-105. Saeed, N., 2013. Cooperation among freight forwarders: Mode choice and intermodal freight transport.Research in Transportation Economics,42(1), pp.77-86. Seuring, S. and Goldbach, M. eds., 2013.Cost management in supply chains. Springer Science Business Media. Solomon, M.R., 2014.Consumer behavior: Buying, having, and being(Vol. 10). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Taniguchi, E., Imanishi, Y., Barber, R., James, J. and Debauche, W., 2014. Public sector governance to implement freight vehicle transport management.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,125, pp.345-357. Tuten, T.L. and Solomon, M.R., 2017.Social media marketing. Sage

4 Strategies to Raise Your GPA in High School Fast

4 Strategies to Raise Your GPA in High School Fast SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips It can be difficult to improve your GPA quickly, especially if you’re in the latter half of high school already. With your previous grades working against you, you’ll have to put in even more effort to overcome lower averages. However, there are some measures you can take to have a better chance of raising your GPA quickly and effectively. In this article, I’ll give you different strategies that may help you raise your GPA even if you don’t have much time left in high school. How Hard Will It Be to Raise Your GPA? If you’re feeling a sense of urgency about raising your GPA before college admissions, it’s important to understand how difficult it will be to make changes based on how far along in high school you are. If You're a Freshman: You've most likely only completed one semester of high school so far, so there's plenty of time (five semesters!) left for you to raise your GPA. The majority of your classes are still ahead of you. If you make wise changes to your study habits now, you shouldn't have a problem improving them. It's important to take action as soon as possible if your GPA is especially low so that you don't get stuck trying to climb out of a much deeper hole your sophomore or junior year. If You’re a Sophomore: At this point, you’ve completed two or three semesters of high school and have three or four more to go before you apply to college.This means that at least half of the grades that will make up your final GPA for college are still ahead of you, so you have a pretty strong chance of making improvements.If your GPA is currently, say, a 2.7, by putting in more effort over the course of the next year or so you can most likely raise it above a 3.0. If You’re a Junior: You’ve completed four or five semesters of high school now and have one or two semesters left to go before you send out college applications.Even if you’re still in the beginning of junior year, your grades this year will only comprise a third of your cumulative GPA.You will have to improve drastically in order to make a positive impact on your GPA before you apply to college.You may still be able to make small changes, but a major increase in your GPA is likely to be out of reach. You might decide to focus on standardized test scores over GPA at this point if you’re nearing the end of your junior year. If You’re a Senior: You will already be starting the college application process at this point, so you can’t improve your GPA before you send in materials to schools.The only thing you can do is try to improve your standardized test scores.Raising your scores is your best bet for getting accepted into a selective college despite a GPA that’s on the lower side.You should be able to take the SAT as late as January and the ACT as late as February if you're looking to submit your scores along with regular decision applications. High School Musical 3: It's Senior Year and We Were So Busy Believing in Ourselves That We Forgot to Take Standardized Tests Strategies on How to Raise GPA, Fast Here are some measures you might take to quickly raise your GPA before you apply to college.Keep in mind that if you’re a junior or senior, it may be too late to implement these strategies and make a strong impact on your GPA.If that’s the situation you’re in, you should focus on the final strategy listed here, improving your standardized test scores, to get the most out of your efforts before college applications are due. Strategy 1: Take Less Difficult Classes This isn’t something I would normally advocate, but if your GPA is really suffering because of a low grade in a high-level class, it may be time to cut your losses.It can help both your GPA and mental health.You may be able to get a significantly better grade in a lower-level class very quickly, thus raising your GPA much faster than if you continued to struggle in a difficult course. For example, if you’re getting a C in Honors Calculus, it will require a lot of effort to improve that grade, and the change in your GPA will be minor or nonexistent.If you decided to drop down to a lower-level math class, you might be familiar with some of the concepts since you already experienced a more fast-paced class,andyou could get a much higher grade fairly easily.If your school uses weighted GPAs, a C in a high-level class might translate to a 3.0.If you drop down to a low-level class and start getting As, those grades will translate to a 4.0. That’s a big difference in a short period of time! Strategy 2: Take More Classes This is a way to raise your GPA quickly that some people don’t really think about because it seems somewhat counterintuitive.Why would you take more classes if you’re struggling? The thing is, it’s not just core classes that make up your GPA.Electives also play into GPA. If you have a free period right now, you might consider taking an elective that you find interesting to fill up the space and raise your GPA. Many of these classes won’t present a big challenge, and they can be a fun break from your regular classes where you won't have to put in as much effort to get good grades.This is a strategy to be used with caution. I’m not trying to say â€Å"just go for the easy A and you’ll be fine.†Keep in mind that this may be a viable strategy to raise your GPA fast, but it’s not necessarily a good way to ensure that you’ll get accepted to a great college. Colleges will be able to see your grades in specific classes and exactly how you ended up with your current GPA. Taking an easy elective will raise your GPA quickly, but it's kind of like putting a band-aid on a stab wound. It absolutelydoesn’t mean you should stop trying to raise your grades in core classes.To make really meaningful changes in your chances at college admission, you will need to address deeper issues with grades in the main subject areas. Taking an easy class and seeing a quick positive change in your GPA may put you in a better mindset to tackle more daunting problems that you face in your core classes. You can create a positive mental feedback loop that will help you to keep up the motivation to work hard in your classes even if an A in â€Å"Foods 1† or something isn’t going to persuade selective colleges to admit you. Want to build the best possible college application? We can help. PrepScholar Admissions is the world's best admissions consulting service. We combine world-class admissions counselors with our data-driven, proprietary admissions strategies. We've overseen thousands of students get into their top choice schools, from state colleges to the Ivy League. We know what kinds of students colleges want to admit. We want to get you admitted to your dream schools. Learn more about PrepScholar Admissions to maximize your chance of getting in. This is a pluot, a weird fruit that's a cross between a plum and an apricot. They probably won't even tell you about it in Foods 1. This is very advanced material, probably at least Foods 4 (you can thank me later). Strategy 3: Work on Doing Better in Weighted GPA Classes If your school uses weighted GPA and you’re in some AP or Honors classes where less than perfect grades will translate into impressive GPAs, you should focus your efforts on raising your grades in those classes. On weighted GPA scales, GPAs often go up to a 5.0 rather than a 4.0 to account for more difficult classes.This means that a B in an Honors class translates to a 4.0, and an A translates into a 5.0. The potential for your grades to lead to a very high GPA is greater in these classes, so they have a better chance at raising your overall GPA.It makes sense to devote a significant chunk of your energy to these classes because they naturally require more time and effort if you hope to get good grades. If you’re choosing to avoid the work in favor of easier assignments, that might be a big part of your problem. It’s also more impressive to colleges if you can manage to improve your grades in high-level classes.Raising your grades in a lower level class the same amount might give you the same GPA, but it won’t necessarily look as good to admissions officers.You should channel the majority of your energy into the most challenging courses. Strategy 4: Focus on Standardized Test Scores Technically, this isn’t a strategy for raising your GPA.However, if it’s too late to raise your GPA before you apply to college, improving standardized test scores is your best bet for stronger admissions chances.For students headed into their senior year with a less than stellar GPA, improving standardized test scores can make a huge impact on how they fare in the college application process. With, say, a 400 point improvement in your SAT scores, you will have a chance at getting into literally hundreds more colleges. This isn't an easy feat, but it's certainly achievable with a few months of concentrated studying. To use an example, let's say you're interested in attending University of Texas at Austin and have a 2.9 GPA and an 1800 SAT score. If you managed to raise your score from an 1800 to a 2200, you would have a 20% chance of admission with the higher score as opposed to a 5% chance with the lower score. And that's with no change at all in your GPA! Sometimes the most practical thing to do is to focus on scores rather than grades, especially if you’re already in your second semester of junior year.You can retake the SAT and ACT up until the winter of your senior year if you’re applying to college regular decision. Who doesn't want to spend another Saturday morning in a hot room full of stressed people? Conclusion The fact is that GPAs don’t lend themselves to quick solutions.If you’re a junior or senior, you may not be able to do much to improve your GPA before you start the admissions process.If this is the case, try to focus on improving your standardized test scores to maximize your chances at getting into selective colleges. Other measures you might take to improve your GPA if you’re still a sophomore or early in your junior year include dropping down a level in your classes, taking additional courses where you might be able to get better grades, and focusing your attention on your most difficult classes.Raising your grades is very hard work, but if you can get yourself into better habits and use some of the quick fixes here, you may be able to see some improvement before you apply to college. What's Next? Now that we've figured out the answer to "how do I raise my GPA fast," you may be interested in learning how your GPA will be perceived in the admissions process. Read this article to find out whether colleges use weighted or unweighted GPA in making their decisions. Worried about getting into college with a low GPA? Here's a list of colleges with low GPA requirements to give you some potential options. Are you just not sure if your GPA is considered good enough for your goals? Learn more about what might constitute a good or bad GPA for your circumstances. Want to improve your SAT score by 160points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Hassans Story Essay Example

Hassans Story Essay Example Hassans Story Paper Hassans Story Paper A. The two major types of surface markings that bone do have are the depression and openings. These include fissure, foramen, fossa, sulcus, meatus, process, condyle, facet head, crest, epicondyle, line, spineous process, trochanter, tubercle, and the tuberosity. B. Liu and Hassan were surprised to find metopic suture on an adult skull because right after birth the left side and right side of the birth bone are united by the metopic suture. They also were surprised, because this suture should have disappeared between the ages of six to eight years of age. Finally because they are only founded in 5 to 10% of people. C. The skeletal structures that are found inside the nasal cavity that might be missing from a excavated skull would be the perpendicular plate, middle and inferior nasal concha and the vomer. D. Hassan and his team would be able to tell the ages of the skeletal remains of the woman and the baby by the four main sutures such as coronal suture, sagittal suture, lambdoid suture, and the squamous sutures. E. The features that the larger skeletal in the sarcophagus would show to indicate it was a female is the vertebral column of a female is about 61cm (24in. ) and a male vertebral column of a male is about 71cm (28in. ). : F. The bone of the neck region that could be affected or damage by strangulation or neck trauma other than the cervical vertebrae is the hyoid bone. G. If the bones of a person found at the excavation site were mixed and out of order the anthropologists would be able to determine which was cervical, lumbar, or thoracic, because the cervical vertebrae include interlocking vertebrae bodies with saddle shaped superior and inferior surfaces alongside the canal is triangular and of a similar size to the vertebral body, and the spinous process are shorter then in thoracic and not as massive as the lumbar vertebrae process. The thoracic vertebrae increases in body size and articulates with a pair of ribs in the human skeleton. The upper thoracic bodies are roughly triangular in a superior outline whilst the lower thoracic vertebral bodies are more circular. The vertebrae canal are smaller relative to the vertebral body, and importantly, more circular then in cervical vertebrae. Finally the lumbar vertebrae increase in size from superior to inferior. They are the largest of all the infused vertebrae, and should be easily identifiable by their size and features. H. Bones with their hard structures would be subject to and show signs of the disease that destroyed this community because I. The structure that passes through the transverse foramina of cervical vertebrae that would cause death if damaged as in the child’s skeleton is.

Journal Article Critque Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Journal Critque - Article Example According to the author, the results of such study were based on specific details which were recognized as important points of framework to the general idea. There are different issues that have been covered by the article. One is the theological basis in the New Testament which is focused on the totality of the man (thus including the surroundings). In the said part, the nature of man and the nature of God had been discussed along with theological limitations to social involvement and the New Testament concept of ideal society.1 The author presented numerous concepts related to the image of God in man with respect to social responsibility. The article is leaning on the importance of human’s social responsibility in showing the image of God since in the totality of the man, the environment can be considered as a significant part. The author’s view is clearly targeted on promoting social responsibility. In every part of the article, clear references were given and multi-faceted discussion of the importance of social responsibility is given. In the first part which is about the theological basis, he presented the nature of man which is being a sinner and in need of redeeming himself by showing social responsibility. The concept presented regarding the nature of God revolves around giving love from Himself to man (1 John 4:8). Being in the image of God, the author pointed out that for man to be able to redeem himself, there should be an expression of love towards his environment which can be equat ed to social responsibility. The third point presented under the theological limitations of to social involvement since there were no clear rules on what to do, the author pointed out that man needs to decide for himself taking into consideration his free will and his need to redeem himself – which again indicated that social responsibility is the key

Debt crisis in Africa Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Debt crisis in Africa - Essay Example During the The First AU Conference of African Ministers of Economy and Finance (CAMEF) held on 7 May 2005 in Dakar, Senegal, one of the recommended issues was the Debt Cancellation. The ministers agreed that debt cancellations should be the ultimate goal for Africa. However, according to the author of the Conference report, they also require that Africa should link the debt cancellation with the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), and the access of African products to foreign markets. Other recommendations during this Conference concerning debt cancellation were Africa’s domestic debt; debt cancellation should not result in reducing Official Development Assistance (ODA) to Africa; establishment of an African Debt Management Fund to facilitate all debt or cancellation mechanisms and initiatives, which is yet to be established; African countries should come together and propose a common position on debt cancellation; African Countries should carry out an audit indicating the am ount of debt, its origins and terms; African countries are responsible to ensure that Africa’s debt remains indivisible so that any initiative associated with African debt should benefit all African countries; and African leaders should avoid being subjected to conditionalities related to debt cancellation. However, the conclusion of the recommendations was that it has to be approved by the World Bank and the IMF. Never once the World Bank or the IMF prescriptions of economic policies reform was successful but vice versa. Countries affected by economic crisis are required to undergo structural arrangement and conditional arrangements by the World Bank and the Fund, but their prescriptions have proven failure not only in Africa but also in other developing countries. According to Dembell, their structural adjustment program has led to economic stagnation, fewer investments, more external dependence, and has weakened the state’s role in developing social and economic wel fare.

Social Change In Pakistan

Social Change In Pakistan Pakistan enters the second decade of the 21st Century as a majority middle class society, indicating an increasing social and economic mobility  [1]  and therefore demand for new services and for global relationships. This process of social change from Feudal to Civil society is fraught with complications creating institutional vacuum that distorts the social change process and makes the change slow and reducing societys competitive advantage vis-à  -vis other societies. One of the major impact is that about 60% of the middle class comprises of low income households who earn between Rs.5000 (US$60) and Rs.25000 (US$300). The low income households are highly vulnerable to slipping below the poverty line, have little or no citizenship rights and political voice and depend on informal sector for housing, employment, finance, transportation and social services. The second impact is the massive environmental degradation and pollution due to unregulated production and exploitation of natural resources. Now with more than 70% of the population below 30 years of ages, and the ever increasing demand for services and low level of energy production and infrastructure development, Pakistani society faces a crisis of competitiveness to benefit from the social change process. Also Pakistan has been carved out of the Indian sub continent where the Central Asian Tribal society and the Indian Caste based society meet. On right bank of the Indus River, especially in the North Western Frontier Province (NWFP) and the upper reaches of Balochistan, bordering with Afghanistan, the society has a strong tribal nature. Of the 9% of Pakistans 168.8 million persons living on the right bank, 23% are middle class and the urban proportion is 20%. On the left bank of the Indus River where the caste societal structure is crumbling, 64% of the population is middle class and the urban proportion is near to 40%. The violence accompanying the societal change evident in 16th century Britain, and in 18th and 19th century Europe and America that ushered in a constitutional government and abolished slavery and fiefdoms, is now taking place on the right bank of Indus River. One reason for the delayed change is the existence of the tribal institutions that is strongly conservative i n nature, values survival, and has the capacity to maintain subsistence economy based on natural resources and wars to capture neighboring resources. The closing in of the borders is forcing the tribal society to change, but there is a strong resistance given the foreign aid it receives. The Caste based society; mainly feudal in nature has undergone considerable change since British colonization of the Indian subcontinent triggered the change from Feudal to Civil society in the Mid-Nineteenth century. The British were able to trigger the change because the Civil society structure they brought was more advanced  [2]  than the Feudal, and it was in an advanced stage of development in Britain  [3]  . The Colonization process started a process of capture of resources (restraining the locals from its use), its massive conversion into capital, and its transfer to Britain for its Industrial development. This process was facilitated by technological innovation and marginalized the local communities directly dependent on them. To help the British in this process they created a cadre of people i.e. educated them, gave them political and administrative powers and enabled them to become economic agents. The English Speaking elite that emerged through a century of British rule continue to play key role in the transfer of resources from Pakistan to global market at the cost of local population. These elite hold key position in Government, academia, businesses and military. They create nexus to marginalize other sections of the society from developing and partner with external forces to exploit the countrys human, financial and natural resources. They influence government policies and prevent low income groups from legitimizing their social, economic and political assets. And therefore, restricts the society from developing new services and institutions and keeps the low income dependent on mafia for services. This process like virus corrupts all new reforms and innovations and kills them before they can institutionalize. To maintain the status quo, they capture benefits from development projects and malign citizen organizations from bringing about social change. After the Aryans invaded the subcontinent and pushed the Dravidian society to retreat, they established the Caste structure that gave the highest position to the priest class, secondary positions to warriors and traders, and relegated the non-Aryan to a position of slavery and outcasts. This society grew and developed and consolidated the feudal mindset. Muslim invasion of the subcontinent created a historical schism in the existing society and divided it into two nations. Being invaders and rulers, the Muslims could not be relegated to the slave status and at the same time the Muslims coming from a tribal society could not enforce a new structure on the existing more advanced social structure. During the Moghul rule, attempts were made to bring the nations together but to no avail. As the British opened doors to social and economic mobility, the secondary castes were quick in entering the elite circle, while the Muslims because of their elite nature alienated themselves from the dev elopment process and even opposed the process. Within the Muslims developed orthodoxy and conservative forced entrenched themselves as leaders. During the British rule, the caste system began to weaken but the Hindu-Muslim schism widened. On the eve of partition, Bengal and Punjab were divided and mass migration took place. The violence that took place during Partition and the forceful capture of Muslim states and part of Kashmir further heightened the Hindu-Muslim divide. Governance in Pakistans therefore developed as a reaction to Indian hostility and gave legitimacy and support to Conservative rule in Pakistan. In Pakistan, conservative forces created a nexus between Pakistans Muslim identity and security issue to oppose liberalizing civil society. With the setting in of the Afghan War, Pakistani conservatives received massive support that went into strengthening conservative elements and strengthening sectarian differences. The conservative elements weakened the governance structure through creation of sectarian politics, support to militancy and suppressing all other forms of political and cultural forums. They marked development as threat to Muslim identity and supported violent means to distort development, especially education, population planning and political participation. The conservatives saw the educated and emancipated young women aggressively seeking social and economic freedom and creating new aspirations, connections and symbols of expressions as a major threat, and have launched a movement to contain and regulate the emerging new woman. The backlash has been in the name of r eligion and to maintain family honor and social values. The conservatives have put up all sort of hurdles to block womens mobility, education, employment, freedom of expression (especially public appearance) and decision making. The reactions range from domestic tensions to honor killings and to preventing new women from voting and participating in political activities. Conservative forces at all levels have tried to keep the women domesticated and out of public realm to the extent of engaging in terrorism and creating human insecurity. The new women, not to be contained are sacrificing her life, honor and property to realize the new found dreams and freedom. Her greatest assistance comes from Civil societies in more advanced stage of development, and presently with more than 70% of the population below 30 years of age in Pakistan, she is poised to overcome the conservative forces with the help of foreign institutions to establish Civil society in Pakistan. In Punjab, after Independence, the immigrant Muslims settled in cities and small towns and today forms the backbone of the middle class. Even though large number of migrants was from rural areas or carried a Feudal mindset, but the migration changed them and they were forced to accept a middle class lifestyle. The Punjabis therefore participated in the market based process and took an edge given the historical discrimination facing other communities. The lower castes because of the historical discriminations began entry as the agricultural revolution mechanization, financing of agricultural inputs, land reforms, road and communication development, etc forced the feudal to release stranglehold. Coupled with Industrial production and development of urban services, agricultural revolution also set into motion rural to urban migration and the centralization of political power in cities. The middle class started developing in cities, but with Feudal order sustaining the values and mindset, the new middle class remained Feudal. The change process manifested itself in the political agenda of the seventies and in the Pakistani constitution of 1973 that recognized the people as citizens with rights and stimulated the growth of working class. It tried to decimate the edge enjoyed by the elite through nationalization and encouraging the peasants to participate in the emerging construction, transportation and communication industries. Subsequently, the low income group or working class earning a monthly household income below Rs.25,000 (US$300) and above the national poverty line of Rs.5000 (US$60) emerged as force. In addition to new migration to urban areas, the low income group also comprises of a middle class in rural areas. This group even today however has little or no access to formal sector services and citizenship rights. Consequently, they acquire these services housing, finance, transport, employment, etc. through informal sector and collaborate with mafia and interest groups to access citizenship rights and seek protection from law enforcing agencies. The low income households over time has improved its income and status with the help of informal sector and in the process strengthened the mafia and created new interest groups transporters association, informal money lenders, land mafia and land grabbers, etc. The low income households are estimated to be more than 60% in Karachi, Pakistans biggest city and in higher proportions in other urban and rural settlements. These households are most vulnerable to edging below the poverty line because of dependence on a single earner who is susceptible to health risks, human rights violations and accidents. Conclusions Summarily, the social change in Pakistan from a tribal and caste based society to Civil society is reflected in the rise of the low income groups. And this most obvious in the left bank of River Indus where rural and urban middle class are in majority. The new women are leading the social change process at a very high cost. The process however is not complete and fraught with violence. In the process of change, though middle class are in majority and increasing in number but their aspirations and demands are not finding a political expression. Three complications in the social change process have created an institutional vacuum  [4]  : As a result of the complications in the social change process, development remains small and scattered. Big development projects marginalize the target groups, lead to elite capture of development benefits and destruction of public goods and formation of duplicate institutions. Small pilots develop into models but fail to scale up. Institutional vacuum maintains the demand for social mobilization, awareness raising and training, making development inefficient and unsustainable.