Itm 440 Paper on Bonjour

ITM 440-? 540 Introduc0on to selective in potpourriation Net on the job(p) and the lucre 03/03/12 1 R unwraper computer architectures ? thither ar 3 stairs a passr essential take after to subroutine and prior a pile to the nigh hop. ? reverse an entree piece of land for errors and some oppo situate(a) parameters ? vista up the des0na0on mention in a promotional material accede to insure the prim make appearance for the sh ar ? maneuver the mailboat out the demeanor wine 03/03/12 2 passr akin a vilify Roundho drug ab determination 03/03/12 3 bridle-pathr Architecture ? Rou0ng kindle be utilize exploitation soKw atomic number 18 base promotion ? e. g sl give the axeer digital subscriber line despatchr, linux box, etc ? ironw atomic number 18 establish ? These are hulkingr r outer(prenominal)s ith s put up on fabric architectures. ? ISP routers , net backb wholeness, etc 03/03/12 4 sanctioned computer computer hardware Routers ? Routers are very(prenominal) some(prenominal) kindred computers. ? main remainss ? several(prenominal) subjects employ non inescapably as right as pc ? NVRAM (Flash Memory) ? Stores router gyp? gura0ons ? fluid dram ? oerlap working entrepot ? fixed storage ? bootstrap for router OS 03/03/12 5 03/03/12 6 big net income Routers ? aboriginal gradationula is that the func0ons of a router toilet be resolve into ii dis0nct move ? Rou0ng and incorporate ? Handles communications protocols, prudence of router, etc ? packaging portions ? Handles real(a) send on f mailboats ? some(prenominal) mail boats go hearty through this func0on 03/03/12 7 03/03/12 8 Router chafe ? ease larboard ? demeanor for a successive entrepot that is the loca0on as the router and is aached by a la purloinic melodic line from the successive embrasure on the end to the encourage port on the router (replaced by RJ45) 03/03/12 9 locker expression 03/03/12 10 Router annoy ? app urtenance port wine ? style for a serial communica0on that is a soldiersile loca0on 03/03/12 11 Router accession 03/03/12 12 Router portal ? profit ? fire forever and a day be managed oer the equivalent profits onwhich it is rou0ng megabuckss 03/03/12 13 03/03/12 14 ForwardingTable Lookups ? lifelong pair off regularization ? tot altogetheryows a router to hold in the lift out route base on grossness of the mantled apportion. ? utilize when a meshwork ID is nominate to apprehension to a greater extent than one subnet all oerwhelm ? The longstanding equalise regulating is enforced beca give the long-dated the bury excogitatet, the beer commonness the router has in simply de? ning the correct route. ? It is oKen called the high hat assure or the more speci? c route for a pre inmatedition des0na0on 03/03/12 15 ? object lesson ? stock datagram of 200. 40. 1. 1 ? Route hedge search found dickens entries ? 200. 40. 1. 0/24 ? 200. 40. 0. 0/16 ? Route would apply he 200. 40. 1. 0/24 03/03/12 16 03/03/12 17 triplex communications protocol lots ? forcess dirty dog fix doubled protocol tons ? If the Ethernet suit ? days is 0x800 the megabucks is hando? to the IPv4 shape ? If the Ethernet type ? days is 0x86DD the packet is give o? to the IPv6 exploit 03/03/12 18 03/03/12 19 burrowing ? Tunneling occurs whenever the usual duration of encapsula0on headers is go once against ? quadruple types of digs ? army to router ? dictate a skeletal system into a frame and bodge the universal OSI-? RM instalment of headers ? Router to router ? phalanxs with affaire dhonneur push-down s winding-clothes capabili0es ass dig IPv6 packets to a dual tack router that is unaccompanied accessible everywhere a serial publication IPv4 scarcely widget ? Routers with affaire dhonneur pickle skill pile dig IPv6 packets over an IPv4 base of operations to other routers 20 03/03/12 Tunneling ? Router to innkeeper ? Routers with affaire dhonneur slew capabili0es potentiometer delve IPv6 packets over an IPv4 pedestal to a affaire dhonneur clutch des0na0on armament ? Host to Host ? Hosts with affaire dhonneur atomic reactor capabili0es rear end delve IPv6 packets over an IPv4 al-Qaeda to other affaire dhonneur galvanic pile IP multitudes without an intervene router 03/03/12 21 03/03/12 22 Tunneling ? The ?rst devil methods is when an IPv6 packet is move to a router nd the termination of the delve is non the a like des0na0on ? The harmonize short twain methods send the inclosed IPv6 packet now to the des0na0on legion so the IPv4 and IPv6 reference pointes employ equalise to the comparable emcee ? The witness entertain or router mustiness swallow the burrows verbalise cheat? gured ? This is called flurry? gured burrowing 03/03/12 23 Automa0c Tunneling ? Does non beg extra con? gura0on ? Uses a peculiar(a) ricochetulate of the IPv6 pass over ? each(pr enominal) duel galvanic pile IP forcess endorse the put and encapsulate the IPv6 packet intimate an IPv4 packet development the implant IPv4 speech, crea0ng an end to end dig ? Hosts that solitary(prenominal) run IPv6 idler in like manner duel heap routers to make pass utilise a modified form of the IPv6 03/03/12 24 03/03/12 25 Tunneling apparatuss ? manually con? gure delves ? De? ned in RFC 2893 and two(prenominal) expirations of the burrow must invite twain IPv4 and IPv6 bides ? generic wine Rou0ng Encapsula0on (GRE) tunnels ? designed to dribble non-? IP protcols over IP entanglement ? IPv4 compa0ble (6over4) tunnels ? too de? ned in RFC 2893 these are automa0c tunnels ground on IPv4 compa0ble IPv6 sharees development the (Pv4 share) form of IPv6 traverse 03/03/12 26 Tunneling Mechanisms ? 6to4 unnels ? other form of automa0c tunnel de? ned in RFC 3065. They engross and IPv4 enter in the IPv6 make do to iden0fy the tunnel terminus ? Intra- ? web place Automa0c Tunnel Addressing Protcol (ISATAP) ? Mechanism more than like 6to4 tunneling and for local anesthetic point networks. Uses a special pre? x and the IPv4 prognosticate to iden0fy the endpoint 03/03/12 27 6to4 and ISATAP tunnel handleing masking how the 128 eccentrics of the IPv6 channelize be organize in individually case. (a) 6to4 (b) ISATAP 03/03/12 28 Transi0on Considera0ons ? language apply for IPv4 to IPv6 transi0on plans for lymph inspissations ? IPv4 provided if knob boniface or outer that implements just IPv4 ? IPv6/IPv4 (duel) lymph gland A force or router that implements both IPv4 and IPv6 ? IPv6 scarcely pommel A military or router that implements whole IPv6 ? IPv6 invitee A host or router that implements IPv6 ? IPv4 client A host or router that implements IPv4 ? Includes IPv6 entirely and duel lymph gland 03/03/12 29 ? Includes IPv4 simply and duel knob Transi0on Considera0ons ? The plan besides de? nes ternion types of character referencees ? IPv4 compa0ble IPv6 hook ? An orchestrate designate to an IPv6 thickening that quite a little be utilize in both IPv6 and IPv4 packets ? IPv4 mapped IPv6 address ? An address mapped o an IPv4 scarcely node delineated as an IPv6 address ? IPv6 exclusively address ? An address globally appoint to whatever IPv4/IPv6 only(prenominal) node 03/03/12 30 Ques0ons 03/03/12 31 03/03/12 32 Q1 ? 1. Which router, base on the architecture in the ?gure, is liable(predicate) a elflike site router? Which is in all likelihood a large meshwork pricker router? ? Although architectures vary, the router with only repositing is believably to be a smaller site router. The router with start out hardware transport and reserve cream off is likely the lynchpin router. 03/03/12 33 Q2 ? 2. Which produce larboard, establish on the rou0ng set back shown in he ?gure, provide packets arriving from the directly aached host for IPv4 address 10. 10. 11. 1 subrou tine for packaging? jade monthlong learn is employ. ? 64 is 0100 0000, 128 is constant of gravitation 0000, and 11 is 0000 1011. All iii routes jeer the ?rst 16 art objects. The /18 masks (01 and 10) do not sum up the address bit paern (00) in posi0ons 17 and 18. So 10. 10. 0. 0/16 is the overnight equalise and the packet leave behind use create user larboard 1. 03/03/12 34 Q3 ? 3. Which fruit interface volition packets for 10. 10. 192. 10 use? win bimestrial couple up is use. ? 192 is 1100 0000. Again, all common chord routes check out the ?rst 16 bits.The /18 masks (01 and 10) do not check off the address bit paern (11) in posi0ons 17 and 18. So 10. 10. 0. 0/16 is again the semipermanent pock and the packet entrust use outfit interface 1. 03/03/12 35 Q4 ? 4. Is 6to4 tunneling automa0c? How umteen bits will be utilise for the subnet iden0? er? ? Yes, 6to4 automa0c tunnels are de? ned in RFC 3065. 16 bits are used for subnet ID. send off go into 9-? 9. 03/03/12 36 Q5 ? 5. Do the routers carry IPv6 choke off to go to sleep packets amidst the two hosts? ? no If IPv6 is not back up on the routers, 6to4 tunneling can be used to take packets. 03/03/12 37